Splatt,
Can readily identify with your observations regarding a sticking mikuni carb slide. My experience was with a different marque and carb size but the rest of the tale is identical. It occurred so long ago (circa 1976) it seems in another lifetime, but a friend and I both had well prepared 76" Sportsters with 44 mm Mikuni VMs on them, and they behaved exactly as you describe. By light of day they were a pleasure to operate and easily spanked just about anything we ran across. There was never ever an issue with the slide sticking during sun-up riding. However, as night fell and the air temperature approached the dew point, look out, because the slide would stick at the most inopportune times and result in an operator with some pretty wide eyes (like seeing the white of a horse's eye, which is seldom a good thing)! My friend had a magneto with kill switch on the handle bar, so a tap on the kill switch instantly released his slide. Unfortunately mine was a battery ignition and had a lot more engine than it had brakes and the only way to release the slide was to blip it wide open and release it. Needless to say when the throttle is stuck on and you're becoming concerned (WIDE EYED) the last thing in the world you want to do is open it wide to snap it shut.
We tried brass slides, extra springs, etc but never found a satisfactory solution, other than watch out for certain weather conditions. Perhaps the fuel additive referenced above may have provided a simple and elegant solution.
Regarding the cause, all I can say is that it had to do with atmospheric moisture, perhaps simply condensed water droplets in the vicinity of the slide or possibly frost/ice. Any time it ever occurred the carb was always cold to the touch. I recall running on the freeway one night at sustained high speed (required minimal throttle to run 85 mph), looking down at the carb and seeing the carb body snow white in the vicinity of the venturi/slide, where frost had formed. Also, It always occurred under a high vacuum condition (engine revving freely with very small throttle opening).