Bearing clearance
The bearing clearance is defined as the total distance by which a bearing ring can be displaced relative to another bearing ring in the radial direction (radial clearance) or in the axial direction (axial clearance).
In almost all applications, the initial clearance in a bearing is greater than the operating clearance. The difference is mainly due to two factors:
The bearings are usually mounted with a tight fit on the shaft or in the housing. By expanding the inner ring or compressing the outer ring, the bearing clearance is reduced.
Bearings in operation generate heat. Differences in the thermal expansion of the bearing and the connecting parts affect the bearing clearance.
During operation, it is important that the bearing has sufficient clearance.
In order to enable selection of the appropriate initial clearance and thereby obtain the desired operating clearance, bearings are available in different clearance classes. According to ISO, five clearance classes are available for numerous types of bearings. The SKF bearing suffixes inform you if the bearing clearance deviates from normal.
ISO internal clearance class
SKF suffix
bearing clearance
-
C1
Bearing clearance smaller than C2
Group 2
C2
Bearing clearance smaller than normal
Groups
-
Normal
Group 3
C3
Bearing clearance greater than normal
Group 4
C4
Bearing clearance greater than C3
Group 5
C5
Bearing clearance greater than C4
The operating clearance required for the bearing to perform its tasks well depends on the specific application (importance of choosing the correct clearance/preload).
It must be ensured that the minimum initial clearance in the event of a reduction due to installation or other influences is at least as large as the required minimum operating clearance.
To do this, proceed as follows:
Determination of the fit-related reduction in bearing clearance
Determination of the reduction in bearing clearance caused by temperature differences
Determination of other effects on the reduction in bearing clearance
Calculation of the required minimum initial bearing clearance.
Selection of the initial clearance range (selection of a clearance class and installation and positioning of bearings).
The term bearing clearance refers to the radial value of the bearing clearance. The absolute value of the bearing clearance CN / C2 / C3 ... also depends on the size of the bearing.
As the size of the bearing increases, the value associated with the tolerance class also increases for the respective class.
There is also a rule of thumb, for example:
Deep groove ball bearings indicate that the axial clearance is approximately 10 times the radial clearance.