And on a personal note, around 12-14 years ago, I started experiencing some chest pains. Always at rest, never got out of breath, but I figured better get checked out. Went to my (then) doctor and asked for a stress test. "Oh," he said, 'we are really paranoid about doing that first, so I'd like you to have an echogram."
I go back to his office in a couple of weeks and a technician brings in a portable echocardiogram machine for my test. After the test, which showed nothing, I again asked for the stress test. The doctor tells me, "The test was inconclusive, so we'd like to send you to the cardiologist to have it done again." So I go to the cardiologist and have another echogram. Which again, shows nothing.
I go back to the doctor's office again and ask for a stress test (3rd time) This time, the Nurse Practitioner says, "We'd like you to wear a monitor for a bit to make sure." Now my wife had to carry a suitcase monitor around for a week previously, so I tell the NP, "I can't do that, I have to work." And she replies, "We have this new monitor. You paste the electrodes on your chest, clip on the wires and dial a number in Florida and hold this beeper up to the phone and it does an electrocardiogram readout." So I had six episodes of pain in three months and the over-the-phone EKG shows nothing.
A couple weeks later I get a bill for $2500 for the monitor because the insurance considers it experimental and won't pay. So I take the rig back to the doctor's office, throw it on the NP's desk and say, "I didn't ask for this, I asked for a stress test. Now the insurance won't pay for it, and I'm not paying either. Do I get a stress test or do I get another opinion?" Finally they schedule the stress test.
I return to the cardiologist, run on the treadmill with the wires hooked up until I'm huffing and sweating. And the test shows (guess what) NOTHING! So I asked the cardio what he thought was the source of my pains. He asked, "What do you do for a living?" I said, "I've been hanging a lot of drywall lately" He says, "Ahh, it's probably just muscle pain." So I figure, end of story, right? Wrong!
Several weeks later I get a bill for $40,000 for the cardio putting a stent in my heart! In the interim, our insurance carrier had changed from HealthLink to GHP, which saved the plan several million dollars per year. The cardio's office had sent the bill to HealthLink, who told them, "WE don't insure these people any more." So they sent the bill directly to me. When I call the cardio's office, there was a lot of shucking and jiving and they finally said "it must have been a mistake " and they'd take care of it.