Polishing just clears away all the surface oxide from the aluminium exposing nice clean fresh stuff metal that then corrodes twice as fast. To keep the shine longer you need to protect the surface afterwards. Normal aluminium polish like Solvol/Peek etc claim to have some protective element built in but the stuff professionals use on polishing wheels doesn't necessarily leave much protection on the polished surface.
I always found the timing and gearbox covers to be very good quality and would keep a shine nicely, the primary is nothing like as good and pits easily, never have got a mirror finish on that and have given up trying.
If I polish the primary with a metal polish I end up with black spots over it where the polish and aluminium oxide lodges in the pores. After polishing I wipe down with some solvent to clean out the pores, cloth comes away very black and then apply a general purpose wax type polish to the cases. Motorex protect and shine is also pretty good stuff for keeping the corrosion at bay and cleaning the pores - this is sounding like an acne treatment advert.