RoadScholar said:
I am an admitted dreamer and Specialist, not an engineer. Anyone out there with thoughts about a 76 degree offset crank?RS
If you were to take an engine with either a 360 deg crank or a 90 deg(ish) crank and spin it with an electric motor so that there was no combustion taking place, you would be able to measure all sorts of torque fluctuation and reactions at the engine mountings due the kinematics of the engine and the inertia of various parts. In such a test the 90 deg crank would be the smoothest.
If you were then to build engines of the same configuration using some theoretical material having zero density and run them under their own internal combustion “steam” you could measure the same torques and forces, but this time they would be due only to the pressure in the combustion chambers. Actually, in this case, I don’t think there would be any reactions at the engine mountings because combustion pressure acting “down” on the pistons/rods/crank/main bearings & crankcase would be canceled out by that acting “up” on the cylinder head. The internal forces on on all parts would still be considerable and there’d be mighty torque pulses of duration equal to about 90 degrees of crank rotation. In this test the peak forces/torques involved would be the same for both the 360 and 90 deg engines; the pulses would just be timed differently.
When the effects of inertia and combustion are combined as in a real engine I believe many of the theoretical advantages of the 90 deg crank disappear. It’s often stated to be an advantage of the 90 deg crank that both pistons do not come to a stop at the same instant, but as far as I can see it’s no bad thing since it “softens” the combustion torque pulse, resulting in less overall torque variation. Likewise the tendency for combustion pressure, applied through the piston and rod, to bend the crank is mitigated by the opposing bending moments due to piston inertia.
All this is highly dependent on the magnitudes of the forces involved and there may be combinations of engine speed and throttle opening that have convinced current manufacturers that the 90 deg crank has the edge, also current engines offer complimentary benefits in the form of 3 main bearing cranks and balance shafts, but for the original Commando and similar parallel twins I suspect that the simple, “crude”, 360 crank is the better bet.
I recently ordered a 1-piece crank from Dave Nourish and I was tempted go for the 90 deg, but after playing around with an Excel spreadsheet I couldn’t convince myself that it would be an improvement, especially when you take into account the valve train and ignition system changes required and the fact that simple geometry of the 360 crank arrangement must be the stiffest and strongest.